BCGs

BCG is a well-known abbreviation that commonly refers to the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. This vaccine is primarily used as a preventative measure against tuberculosis, a serious infectious disease. The BCG vaccine contains a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium that is closely related to the one that causes tuberculosis in humans. When administered, it stimulates the body's immune system to develop a defense against the tuberculosis bacteria, reducing the risk of developing severe forms of the disease, particularly in children. The vaccine is typically given intradermally, meaning it is injected into the upper layers of the skin. Its effectiveness can vary, and it is most commonly administered in regions where tuberculosis is prevalent. The World Health Organization recommends BCG vaccination for infants and young children in countries with high rates of tuberculosis. The vaccine can also sometimes be used as a treatment for certain types of bladder cancer, where it helps to stimulate the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. Side effects are generally mild and can include a small sore or scar at the injection site.