B12vitaminhiány

B12vitaminhiány, also known as vitamin B12 deficiency, is a condition where the body does not have enough vitamin B12. This essential nutrient plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation, nerve function, and DNA synthesis.

Several factors can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. Insufficient dietary intake, particularly common in vegans and vegetarians who may not consume enough fortified foods or supplements, is a primary cause. Malabsorption issues in the digestive system are another significant contributor. Conditions like pernicious anemia, a specific autoimmune disorder where the stomach cannot produce intrinsic factor needed for B12 absorption, are a classic example. Gastrointestinal surgeries, inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease, and atrophic gastritis can also impair B12 absorption. Certain medications, such as metformin used for diabetes and proton pump inhibitors for acid reflux, can interfere with vitamin B12 uptake.

Symptoms of B12 deficiency can vary and may develop gradually. They often include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath due to anemia. Neurological symptoms can also manifest, such as numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, cognitive problems like memory loss and confusion, and mood changes like depression. In severe cases, irreversible nerve damage can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure vitamin B12 levels and, in some cases, other related markers. Treatment usually involves vitamin B12 supplementation, either through oral tablets or injections, depending on the cause and severity of the deficiency. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent long-term complications.