Avvaiyar

Avvaiyar, also known as Avvai, was a celebrated Tamil poet, philosopher, and social reformer who lived during the Sangam period, traditionally dated between the 3rd century BCE and the 3rd century CE. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential female figures in Tamil literary history and is often referred to as the "Mother of Tamil Literature" due to her profound contributions to Tamil poetry and culture.

Avvaiyar is best known for her collection of poems, *Avvaiyar Patinenkilkanakku*, which consists of 400 couplets addressing various aspects of life, including morality, ethics, social norms, and personal conduct. Her works reflect a deep understanding of human nature, offering wisdom on topics such as love, friendship, justice, and the responsibilities of individuals in society. Her poetry is noted for its clarity, simplicity, and practical advice, making it accessible to people of all backgrounds.

Beyond her literary achievements, Avvaiyar is remembered for her role in advocating for social reforms. She is credited with introducing the concept of *Kudavolai*, a system of social welfare where women, particularly widows, were provided with financial support and protection. This initiative was revolutionary for its time, as it challenged traditional norms and offered economic security to vulnerable women. Her influence extended to education as well, with some accounts suggesting she established schools to promote learning among women.

Avvaiyar’s legacy endures in Tamil culture, where she is revered as a symbol of wisdom, compassion, and resilience. Her teachings continue to be studied and celebrated in Tamil literature, and her name is often invoked as a representation of intellectual and moral excellence. Festivals, such as *Avvaiyar Thirunal*, are held annually in Tamil Nadu to honor her contributions, further cementing her place in the collective memory of Tamil society.