Autoszómák

Autoszómák are chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22 of these pairs are autosomes, and the remaining pair are sex chromosomes. Autosomes carry genes that determine most of the body's traits, such as eye color, hair color, and height. Sex chromosomes, on the other hand, determine a person's sex. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

The genes on autosomes are inherited from both parents. Each parent contributes one chromosome from each autosomal pair to their offspring. This means that a child will inherit half of their autosomal chromosomes from their mother and half from their father. The inheritance of autosomal genes follows Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Aneuploidy, which is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, can occur in autosomes. For example, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, meaning that individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. Other autosomal aneuploidies can also lead to various genetic disorders. Changes in the structure of autosomes, such as deletions, duplications, or translocations, can also result in genetic conditions. Genetic testing can be used to identify abnormalities in autosomes and diagnose associated disorders.