Autoimmunität

Autoimmunität describes a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues. Normally, the immune system distinguishes between foreign invaders, like bacteria and viruses, and the body's own cells. In autoimmune diseases, this self-recognition mechanism fails, leading to an immune response directed against the body's own organs or systems.

The causes of autoimmunity are not fully understood but are believed to involve a complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Certain genetic mutations can increase an individual's susceptibility. Triggers such as infections, exposure to certain chemicals, or stress are also thought to play a role in initiating or exacerbating autoimmune responses.

Symptoms of autoimmune diseases vary widely depending on the specific tissues or organs affected. Common manifestations can include inflammation, pain, fatigue, and organ dysfunction. Examples of autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Diagnosis often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to detect autoantibodies, and sometimes imaging studies. While there is currently no cure for most autoimmune diseases, treatments focus on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and suppressing the overactive immune response. This can involve medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and corticosteroids. Lifestyle modifications and therapies may also be part of a comprehensive treatment plan.