Audioloogia

Audiology, or audioloogia in Estonian, is the branch of science that studies hearing and balance, and the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of disorders of these systems. It encompasses clinical practice, research, and education, and serves both pediatric and adult populations. Audiologists work in hospitals, clinics, schools, and private practice, and may collaborate with otolaryngologists, physicians, educators, and speech-language pathologists.

Core activities include assessing hearing and vestibular function using behavioral tests (such as pure-tone and speech audiometry) and objective measures (tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions, and electrophysiological tests like ABR). Vestibular assessment may include balance and gaze tests.

Management includes selecting and fitting hearing aids, cochlear implants, bone-conduction devices, and assistive listening devices; providing auditory rehabilitation and speech-reading training; counseling on communication strategies and tinnitus management; and, in some cases, balance rehabilitation.

Education and regulation: Audiologists typically require advanced degrees (Doctor of Audiology or equivalent) and professional licensure or registration in their country. They follow evidence-based practice and adhere to privacy and consent standards.

History and scope: The field developed in the mid-20th century to meet the needs of veterans and the general population, and has expanded with advances in diagnostic technology, cochlear implants, tele-audiology, and newborn hearing screening.