Atrisk

At risk is an adjective phrase used to describe individuals, groups, or things that are more likely than others to experience harm, adverse outcomes, or loss due to exposure to certain factors. The term emphasizes vulnerability or exposure rather than certainty of harm and is commonly used in health, social services, safety, and social research.

In public health and social services, at-risk designations identify populations with a higher probability of negative outcomes. Examples include older adults needing care, pregnant people, individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities, people living in poverty, racial or ethnic minorities, those with substance use disorders, and communities exposed to environmental hazards. In education, at-risk youth refers to students with factors linked to lower academic achievement or higher dropout risk, such as low socioeconomic status, unstable housing, or learning difficulties. In occupational safety, workers exposed to hazardous conditions may be described as at risk for injury.

Risk assessment frameworks aim to quantify likelihood and potential impact to prioritize interventions. Approaches typically combine evaluation of risk factors, protective factors, and context. Interventions may involve targeted screening, preventive services, improved access to care, case management, education, and safety planning. Ethical considerations emphasize avoiding stigma, respecting autonomy, and using the label as a means to secure support rather than to judge.

Critiques note that labeling can perpetuate stereotypes or determinism. Some organizations prefer formulations such as “persons with risk factors” or “high-risk groups” to focus on needs and resources while reducing stigma.

See also: risk factors; public health; vulnerability; risk assessment.