Atractaspidinae

Atractaspidinae is a subfamily of venomous snakes commonly known as stiletto snakes or burrowing asps. They are found in Africa and the Middle East. These snakes are characterized by their short, stout bodies, small heads, and distinctive, large, erect fangs that are not grooved like those of vipers. The fangs are not fixed in the upper jaw but are highly mobile and can be extended forward to strike.

The subfamily contains a single genus, Atractaspis, which is further divided into numerous species. Stiletto snakes are primarily nocturnal and fossorial, meaning they spend much of their time burrowing in soil, leaf litter, or under rocks. Their diet consists mainly of small vertebrates, including lizards, amphibians, and other snakes, which they subdue with their potent venom.

Despite their venomous nature, stiletto snakes are generally not considered highly dangerous to humans. Their small mouths and short fangs make it difficult for them to deliver a significant envenomation unless they are handled carelessly or provoked. However, their bite can be painful and cause local swelling. Some species possess neurotoxic venom, while others have hemotoxic or cytotoxic components. Due to their secretive habits, encounters with humans are relatively infrequent.