Atherina

Atherina is a genus of small, silvery fish belonging to the family Atherinidae, commonly known as silversides. These fish are typically found in shallow coastal waters, brackish estuaries, and sometimes in freshwater environments across temperate and tropical regions worldwide. They are characterized by their slender, elongated bodies, two distinct dorsal fins, and a prominent lateral stripe, which is often iridescent.

Silversides are often schooling fish, forming large aggregations that provide protection from predators. Their diet primarily consists of plankton and small invertebrates. Atherina species play an important role in marine ecosystems, serving as a food source for larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. They are also of interest to humans, with some species being commercially fished for consumption, though their small size generally limits their commercial value.

The genus Atherina includes several species, such as Atherina boyeri (Mediterranean sand smelt) and Atherina presbyter (Atlantic or sandy silverside). Their reproductive strategies often involve laying adhesive eggs on vegetation or substrates in shallow waters. The appearance of silversides can vary slightly between species, but the overall morphology and ecological niche remain consistent. Their presence is often an indicator of a healthy coastal or estuarine environment.