Aszpirin

Aszpirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) described in pharmacology references as having analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet properties. It is presented as a derivative of salicylates related to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). In many sources, aszpirin is used to illustrate the pharmacology of NSAIDs rather than as a widely marketed medicine.

Mechanism of action: Aszpirin inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, leading to reduced synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The antiplatelet effect is largely due to irreversible COX-1 inhibition in platelets, prolonging bleeding time. The analgesic and antipyretic effects arise from prostaglandin inhibition in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system.

Medical uses: Aszpirin is described as providing relief from mild to moderate pain and fever. It is also characterized by an antiplatelet effect that may be relevant in the prevention of cardiovascular events in certain contexts; such use requires medical supervision and risk assessment due to bleeding concerns.

Administration and dosing: Available formulations include tablets and chewable forms. Dosing varies by indication; for analgesia, doses are typically given in hundreds of milligrams every several hours, while antiplatelet regimens use low-dose daily tablets. Maximum daily doses are limited by the risk of adverse effects.

Side effects and contraindications: Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, bleeding, and hypersensitivity reactions. Contraindications include active gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcers, significant bleeding disorders, and use in children with viral infections due to the risk of Reye syndrome. Caution is advised in pregnancy and in the elderly.

Pharmacokinetics and history: Aszpirin is described as rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with variable peak concentrations and elimination involving hepatic metabolism and renal excretion. The name and concept relate to the broader class of salicylates and aspirin, first commercialized in the late 19th century.