Asfaltit

Asfaltit are a family of bituminous materials used primarily for road pavements and waterproofing. They consist of mineral aggregates bound with bitumen (asphalt binder). The binder is a viscous, dark hydrocarbon that holds the aggregates together and provides waterproofing and elasticity. The resulting material, often referred to as asphalt concrete or asphalt pavement, can be laid hot or warm and compacted to create a dense, durable surface.

Production and variants: The most common form is hot-mix asphalt (HMA), produced by heating aggregates and asphalt binder in a mixing plant and combining them before laying. Cold-mix asphalt uses emulsified or cutback binders at ambient temperatures. Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) employs technologies to reduce production temperatures, saving energy and emissions. Mixes may include polymers or rubber modifiers to improve performance.

Composition: Typical asphalt mixes combine aggregates (sand, gravel, or crushed stone), mineral filler, asphalt binder, and optional modifiers for stiffness, durability, or weather resistance. The exact recipe depends on climate, traffic loads, and desired properties such as rutting resistance and skid performance.

Uses and performance: Asphaltit surfaces are valued for durability, water resistance, and smoothness. They are widely used for highways, streets, airports, and parking areas, as well as some roofing applications. Common distresses include rutting, cracking, and oxidation from weathering; maintenance options include crack sealing, surface milling, and resurfacing.

Recycling and sustainability: Old asphalt pavement can be recycled into new mixes (RAP), reducing material use and energy consumption. Environmental considerations include emissions from production and the benefits of warm-mix technologies.

History: Asphalt has been used for millennia, with modern road applications expanding in the 20th century as paving technologies advanced.