Asetyylichloridia

Asetyylichloridia, also known as acetyl chloride, is an acyl chloride with the chemical formula CH3COCl. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Acetyl chloride is highly reactive and is primarily used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It serves as an acetylating agent, meaning it introduces an acetyl group (CH3CO-) into other molecules. This is often achieved through reactions with alcohols to form esters or with amines to form amides.

The compound is synthesized industrially through various methods, commonly involving the reaction of acetic acid with chlorinating agents such as phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), or thionyl chloride (SOCl2). Due to its reactivity, acetyl chloride must be handled with care. It reacts vigorously with water, producing acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and can also react exothermically with alcohols and amines.

In laboratory settings, acetyl chloride is a valuable tool for creating more complex organic compounds. Its ability to readily transfer the acetyl group makes it useful in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers. The reactions involving acetyl chloride often require anhydrous conditions to prevent unwanted hydrolysis. Its corrosive nature necessitates the use of appropriate personal protective equipment during handling.