Arvostusprosessi

Arvostusprosessi is the structured sequence of activities used to determine the value of an asset, a business, or a financial instrument. It is applied in contexts such as real estate, machinery, intangible assets, and corporate valuations, and is guided by professional standards and ethical requirements. The process aims to produce a credible, auditable estimate of value that can support decision making, reporting, taxation, financing, or transaction negotiations.

Key participants include the client who commissions the valuation and the valuer or appraisal professional who conducts the work. The process begins with defining the purpose and scope of the valuation, identifying the asset or business, and establishing the effective date and reason for the valuation. It also sets the premises of value and the level of value needed (for example fair value, market value, or value in use).

Data collection and analysis form the core of the process. The valuer gathers relevant information such as financial statements, market data, asset condition, legal considerations, and restrictions. The valuation itself typically involves applying one or more approaches: the cost approach (based on replacement or reproduction cost less depreciation), the market approach (based on prices of comparable transactions), and the income approach (based on future cash flows discounted to present value). The results are reconciled to arrive at a final value conclusion.

Quality control and reporting are essential. Valuation reports should disclose methods, key assumptions, data sources, uncertainties, and any limitations. Compliance with applicable standards, such as International Valuation Standards or national professional guidelines, supports credibility and independence.