Artrodesis

Artrodesis is a surgical procedure used to stabilize and immobilize a joint by permanently fusing the bones together. The term derives from the Greek words *arthro-* (meaning joint) and *-desis* (meaning binding or fusion). This technique is primarily employed when joint instability, severe arthritis, or chronic pain cannot be effectively managed through conservative treatments such as medication, physical therapy, or bracing.

The procedure is commonly performed on weight-bearing joints like the spine, ankle, or foot, as well as smaller joints affected by degenerative diseases or trauma. During surgery, the surgeon removes cartilage and ligaments between the bones, then uses metal plates, screws, rods, or bone grafts to hold the bones in place while they heal into a single rigid unit. Over time, the fused bones form a continuous bony bridge, eliminating joint movement and pain.

Artrodesis is often recommended for conditions such as degenerative joint disease, spinal instability, flatfoot deformities, or post-traumatic joint damage. While it eliminates joint mobility, the procedure can significantly reduce pain and improve function by preventing further joint deterioration. Recovery typically involves a period of immobilization followed by gradual rehabilitation to restore strength and mobility in adjacent joints.

Potential risks and complications include infection, hardware failure, nonunion (failure of the bones to fuse), or adjacent joint overuse. Success rates vary depending on the joint involved and patient factors, but many individuals experience long-term relief from chronic pain and improved stability. Alternative treatments, such as joint replacements or injections, may be considered in cases where fusion is not suitable.