Apnoisukellus

Apnoisukellus is a Finnish term that translates to "free diving" or "skin diving." It refers to underwater diving where the diver does not use breathing apparatus, but instead holds their breath. This practice has historical roots in various cultures for activities such as spearfishing and pearl diving.

Modern apnoisukellus encompasses a range of disciplines and competitions that test a diver's ability to go deeper, stay underwater longer, or swim further on a single breath. These disciplines include constant weight (with or without fins), variable weight, free immersion, and dynamic apnea (with or without fins). Safety is paramount in apnoisukellus, and divers typically practice with a buddy or a safety diver.

The physiological challenges of apnoisukellus include managing the urge to breathe, the effects of increased pressure on the body, and the risk of blackouts or ear barotrauma. Training often involves breath-hold exercises, equalization techniques, and acclimatization to depth. Apnoisukellus can be pursued as a recreational activity for exploring underwater environments or as a competitive sport. Organizations like AIDA (International Association for the Development of Apnea) and CMAS (Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques) govern and promote the sport globally.