Apaattisuus

Apaattisuus is a psychological and behavioral state characterized by a pronounced reduction in motivation, interest, and emotional responsiveness to stimuli. It manifests as diminished initiative, reduced participation in activities, and blunted affect, and can affect thinking, behavior, and social interaction. It is not a standalone diagnosis but a symptom that may occur in several psychiatric and neurological conditions.

Causes and contexts: It can accompany neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and other psychotic or mood disorders; it also occurs after brain injury, stroke, or in chronic illnesses, burnout, or substance use. It is distinct from fatigue or sadness, though it can co-occur with them. It refers more to a lack of motivation and engagement rather than a felt mood.

Symptoms and assessment: Common signs include reduced goal-directed behavior, diminished interest in previously enjoyed activities, social withdrawal, decreased speech, reduced facial expression, and neglect of personal care. Clinicians may use scales such as the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) or the apathy subscale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to quantify severity and monitor changes.

Treatment and prognosis: Treatment aims at underlying causes and may involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Depending on etiology, options include dopaminergic or other medications, behavioral activation, structured routines, psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing), and social support. The prognosis varies with cause and duration; early identification and addressing underlying conditions improve outcomes.

See also: apathy, anhedonia, depression, motivation.