Anurognathidae

Anurognathidae is a family of small, early, non-avian dinosaurs. They are classified within the order Pterosauria, which comprises the pterosaurs, an extinct group of flying reptiles. Anurognathids are characterized by their short, wide skulls and relatively large brains. They are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Their exact phylogenetic placement within pterosaurs has been debated, with some studies suggesting they are among the most basal pterodactyls, while others propose they are more derived, possibly related to the dsungaripteroids.

Fossils of anurognathids have been discovered primarily in China and Europe. Notable genera include Anurognathus, Dendrorhynchoides, and Batrachognathus. These dinosaurs were likely insectivores, preying on small invertebrates. Their dentition suggests they were adapted for catching and consuming small, fast-moving prey. The short jaws and large orbits, which would have accommodated large eyes, are consistent with a diet of aerial insects.

The small size and short tails of anurognathids are distinctive features. Unlike many other pterosaurs, they possessed very short caudal vertebrae, giving them a more compact body plan. This unusual morphology has led to speculation about their flight capabilities and lifestyle. Some researchers have suggested they may have been arboreal, living in trees and foraging for insects, much like modern bats or birds. The interpretation of their wing membranes and musculature is still an active area of research.