Anurognathus

Anurognathus is a genus of small, enigmatic theropod dinosaurs belonging to the family Anurognathidae. It lived during the Late Jurassic period, approximately 160 to 150 million years ago. Fossils of Anurognathus have been discovered in the Solnhofen Formation of Bavaria, Germany, a Lagerstätte famous for its exceptionally preserved fossils, including many feathered dinosaurs and early birds.

The most striking feature of Anurognathus is its disproportionately large head, which accounts for about 80% of its skull length. This gave it a somewhat frog-like appearance, hence its name, which literally translates to "frog-jaw." Its teeth were small and numerous, suggesting it was an insectivore, likely preying on flying insects. The short, broad jaws, combined with potentially large eyes, indicate it may have been adapted for aerial hunting or at least for detecting prey in low light conditions.

Anurognathus possessed a short tail, which is unusual for many known theropod dinosaurs. The exact phylogenetic placement of Anurognathus has been a subject of debate among paleontologists. Initially, it was considered a pterosaur due to its unique cranial features and small size. However, subsequent discoveries and analyses of its skeletal anatomy have led to its classification within the Dinosauria, specifically as an early member of the theropod lineage. The Anurognathidae family is characterized by its short snouts, large skulls, and small body size, and Anurognathus is the type genus for this group. Its discovery sheds light on the diversity of small theropods that existed during the Jurassic period and their various adaptations.