Antithyroidemiddelen

Antithyroidemiddelen, or antithyroid drugs, are medications used to treat hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland. These drugs work by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones, thereby reducing the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as rapid heart rate, weight loss, and anxiety. The most commonly used antithyroid drugs include methimazole and propylthiouracil.

Methimazole, also known by the brand name Tapazole, is a thioamide derivative that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones by blocking the enzyme thyroid peroxidase. It is typically prescribed for short-term use, usually for a few weeks, to reduce thyroid hormone levels before surgery or radioactive iodine therapy.

Propylthiouracil, marketed under the name Propylthiouracil, is another thioamide derivative that works similarly to methimazole by inhibiting thyroid peroxidase. It is often used for longer-term treatment of hyperthyroidism, especially in patients who cannot undergo surgery or radioactive iodine therapy.

Both methimazole and propylthiouracil are generally well-tolerated, but they can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and skin rashes. These side effects are usually mild and resolve with continued use of the medication. However, in some cases, more severe side effects may occur, such as agranulocytosis, a condition characterized by a low white blood cell count, which can be life-threatening.

Antithyroid drugs are typically monitored through regular blood tests to assess thyroid hormone levels and ensure that the medication is effective and safe. If a patient's thyroid function returns to normal, the medication may be discontinued. In some cases, antithyroid drugs may be used in combination with other treatments, such as beta-blockers or iodine supplements, to manage hyperthyroidism more effectively.