Antiirritants

Antiirritants are substances added to cosmetics, skincare products, medicines, and other consumer formulations to reduce irritation of the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes caused by irritants such as harsh surfactants, preservatives, fragrances, or environmental factors. They aim to improve tolerability and allow use of products by sensitive individuals or in harsh conditions.

Mechanisms include forming a protective barrier on the skin to limit water loss and mechanical irritation, soothing exposed nerve endings, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and, in some cases, neutralizing irritant activity. Many antiirritants support skin barrier function by providing lipids, humectants, or occlusive components that retain moisture and smooth rough surfaces.

Common examples include occlusive agents such as petrolatum and dimethicone; emollients and barrier-repair agents such as glycerin, ceramides, and cholesterol; and soothing ingredients such as panthenol, allantoin, aloe vera, and chamomile extracts. Antiirritants are often paired with milder surfactants and fragrance-free formulas to reduce the risk of irritation, particularly in baby products and dermatological preparations.

Limitations include that antiirritants do not cure existing dermatitis and may not prevent irritation in all users. Some ingredients can themselves cause allergies or contact dermatitis. They should not obscure the need to avoid known irritants, and labeling varies by jurisdiction.