Antigénteszt

Antigénteszt, or antigen test, is a diagnostic method used to detect the presence or absence of specific antigens in a biological sample. Antigens are molecules, typically proteins or carbohydrates, that are found on the surface of pathogens like viruses and bacteria, or on abnormal cells, and can trigger an immune response. Antigen tests work by using antibodies that are designed to bind specifically to these target antigens. When the sample is mixed with the reagents containing these antibodies, a reaction occurs if the antigen is present. This reaction is then usually detected through a visual indicator, such as a color change on a test strip, similar to how a pregnancy test works.

The primary advantage of antigen tests is their speed. Results can often be obtained within minutes to an hour, making them suitable for rapid screening in various settings, including clinical environments, workplaces, and public events. They are generally less expensive to produce and administer compared to more complex tests like PCR (polymerase chain reaction). However, antigen tests typically have lower sensitivity than PCR tests. This means they are more likely to produce false-negative results, especially in individuals with low viral loads or early in the course of an infection. Conversely, they tend to have high specificity, meaning that a positive result is very likely to be a true positive. Due to their speed and cost-effectiveness, antigen tests are valuable for quickly identifying infectious individuals and controlling the spread of disease.