Antigenpruefungsmethoden

Antigenpruefungsmethoden refer to a group of diagnostic tests designed to detect the presence of specific antigens, which are foreign substances that can trigger an immune response. These methods are crucial in identifying infections, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.

One common antigen testing method is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This technique uses antibodies to bind to specific antigens in a sample, such as blood or saliva. A subsequent enzymatic reaction produces a measurable signal, indicating the presence and quantity of the antigen.

Another widely used method is lateral flow immunoassay, often seen in rapid diagnostic tests like home pregnancy kits or COVID-19 antigen tests. These tests utilize a strip that contains antibodies. When a sample is applied, antigens, if present, bind to these antibodies and migrate along the strip, producing a visible line.

Immunohistochemistry is a technique that uses antibodies to detect antigens directly within tissue samples. This is particularly useful in diagnosing cancers and other tissue-based diseases. It allows for the visualization and localization of antigens within specific cells or structures.

Western blotting is another antigen detection method that combines electrophoresis with immunodetection. Proteins, including antigens, are separated by size, and then specific antigens are identified using antibodies. This method is often used in research and for confirming results from other tests.

The choice of antigen testing method depends on factors such as the suspected antigen, the sample type, the required sensitivity and specificity, and the turnaround time needed for results. These methods are vital tools in modern diagnostics and disease management.