Anogenitais

Anogenitais is a term used in Portuguese-language medical literature to describe the anogenital region, the anatomical area that includes the anus and rectum, the perineum, and the external genitalia, along with the surrounding skin and mucosa. In English, this area is generally referred to as the anogenital region.

Anatomy and components vary by sex but share common structures. In males, the region encompasses the anus and anal canal, the perineal body, and external genitalia such as the penis and scrotum. In females, it includes the anus and anal canal, the perineal body, and external genital structures like the vulva (labia majora and minora, clitoris), the vaginal opening, and adjacent glands such as the Bartholin glands. The region is richly innervated, primarily by the pudendal nerve, and supplied by branches of the internal iliac or pudendal vessels. The perineal muscles contribute to continence and support of pelvic organs.

Development and function. The anogenital region develops from the cloaca in the embryo, with division by the urorectal septum that creates separate anorectal and urogenital tracts. The perineal body and associated muscles establish pelvic floor support. Functionally, the region is involved in excretion, urination, sexual activity, and protective barrier roles for the lower digestive and urogenital tracts.

Clinical relevance. The area is a focus in dermatological, surgical, and obstetric care, including conditions such as hemorrhoids, fissures, perineal tears, infections, and congenital anorectal malformations. In developmental biology, the anogenital distance (AGD) is a research metric used to study prenatal androgen exposure and its effects on later physique and function. See also perineum and external genitalia.