labia

Labia refers to the folds of skin that form part of the vulva, the external female genitalia. The term encompasses two paired structures: the labia majora and the labia minora.

The labia majora are the two outer lips. They are larger, typically have hair on their outer surfaces, and contain fatty tissue. The labia minora are the two inner lips, which are hairless and usually more delicate. They vary widely in size, shape, color, and texture and extend from the clitoral area to surround the openings of the urethra and vagina.

Together, the labia majora and labia minora enclose and protect the openings of the urethra and vagina, as well as the clitoris and surrounding structures. They also contribute to the vulvar sensation and can become engorged or more prominent during sexual arousal.

Variation is normal: labial size, shape, and color differ among individuals and can change with hormonal factors, puberty, pregnancy, and aging. Pigmentation and contour are common sources of natural diversity.

Health considerations are generally related to irritation, dermatitis, infections, or trauma from clothing, friction, or activity. Gentle hygiene and avoiding irritants are advised; persistent pain, swelling, itching, discharge, or lesions should be evaluated by a clinician.

Etymology: “labia” is Latin for “lips.” In anatomy, the terms labia majora and labia minora are used to distinguish the outer and inner folds of the vulva.