Angrenajele

Angrenajele, often translated as gears, are mechanical components used to transmit rotational motion and torque between two or more elements. They are typically toothed wheels that mesh with other toothed parts. The teeth on one gear engage with the teeth on another, causing the second gear to rotate when the first one is driven. This meshing action allows for controlled transfer of power and can be used to change speed, torque, or direction of rotation.

The fundamental principle behind gears is that of a lever. When one gear drives another, the ratio of their diameters determines the speed and torque multiplication. A smaller gear driving a larger gear will result in a lower speed and higher torque for the larger gear. Conversely, a larger gear driving a smaller one will result in a higher speed and lower torque. This ability to modify rotational characteristics makes gears indispensable in a vast array of mechanical systems.

Gears come in many forms, each suited for specific applications. Spur gears are the simplest and most common, with teeth cut parallel to the axis of rotation. Helical gears have teeth cut at an angle, allowing for smoother and quieter operation, as well as higher load-carrying capacity. Bevel gears are used to transmit motion between shafts that intersect, often at a 90-degree angle. Worm gears consist of a screw-like gear meshing with a toothed wheel and are used for significant speed reduction and high torque multiplication, often in applications where back-driving is undesirable. The design and selection of gears depend on factors such as required torque, speed, efficiency, noise levels, and space constraints.