Analisis

Analisis is the systematic examination of a subject to understand its structure, components, interactions, and implications. In many languages, including Spanish and Indonesian, the term denotes a broad set of activities that aim to interpret, evaluate, or model information. The word derives from Greek roots ana- “up, again” and lysis “a loosening,” and it has been used across philosophy, science, and arts since antiquity.

In mathematics, analysis refers to the branch dealing with limits, continuity, differentiation, integration, series, and related concepts, forming a foundation for calculus and mathematical modeling. In empirical disciplines, analysis involves extracting patterns and meaning from data (data analysis); in the sciences, it supports examining experiments, observations, or simulations to test hypotheses and explain phenomena. In humanities and social sciences, textual or discourse analysis studies language, symbols, and structures to interpret meaning or critique social contexts.

Common methods include defining questions, collecting and examining evidence, applying formal criteria or statistical tools, building models, and drawing evidence-based conclusions while recognizing bias and uncertainty. Qualitative and quantitative approaches, along with deductive and inductive reasoning, are used to support inferences.

Historically, analysis developed through mathematics in the 17th to 19th centuries and expanded to data, science, and humanities with advances in statistics, computer science, and critical theory. Today, analytical methods are central to research, decision making, and policy, enabling rigorous evaluation of complex systems and arguments.