Anafülaaksiat

Anafülaaksiat, often referred to as anaphylaxis, is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly. It is a systemic response, meaning it can affect multiple organ systems throughout the body. The reaction is triggered by the immune system's overreaction to a substance, known as an allergen, that is typically harmless to most people. Common triggers include certain foods, insect stings or bites, medications, and latex.

The onset of anaphylaxis can be very sudden, often within minutes to an hour of exposure to the allergen. Symptoms can vary widely but frequently include skin reactions such as hives, itching, and flushing. Respiratory symptoms can also be severe, with difficulty breathing, wheezing, and tightness in the throat or chest. Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are also common. Cardiovascular effects can include a rapid or weak pulse, a sudden drop in blood pressure (leading to dizziness or fainting), and shock.

Prompt recognition and immediate treatment are crucial for managing anaphylaxis. The primary treatment is epinephrine, administered via an auto-injector. This medication works quickly to constrict blood vessels, reduce swelling, and open airways, counteracting the life-threatening effects of the reaction. Antihistamines and corticosteroids may also be used to manage symptoms, but epinephrine is the first-line treatment for severe reactions. Following an anaphylactic episode, individuals are advised to seek further medical evaluation to identify the trigger and develop a management plan to prevent future occurrences. This often involves strict avoidance of the identified allergen.