Amidische

Amidische is an adjective used in Dutch and German to describe things related to amides, the functional group in which a carbonyl carbon is bonded to a nitrogen atom (R-CO-NR'R''). In English, the corresponding terms are amido- or amidic.

In chemistry, an amide is typically formed by the condensation of a carboxylic acid or derivative with an amine. The amide bond, the C–N linkage, exhibits resonance between the carbonyl and the attached nitrogen, which gives the bond partial double-bond character and imposes a relatively rigid, planar arrangement around the carbonyl carbon. Depending on substitution, amides are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary; cyclic amides are known as lactams.

Amidische contexts cover properties and behavior of amides as a class. Amides are highly polar and can form extensive hydrogen bonding, contributing to higher boiling points than many hydrocarbons of similar size. Solubility is influenced by substituents and the presence of N–H bonds: primary amides can donate two hydrogens, secondary one, and tertiary none. Although generally stable, amides can be hydrolyzed under strong acidic or basic conditions to yield carboxylic acids and amines. They are also susceptible to activation and conversion in various coupling reactions used in organic synthesis.

Common examples include acetamide (CH3CONH2), benzamide (C6H5CONH2), and formamides such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Cyclic amides, or lactams, such as caprolactam, are important in polymer chemistry (nylons) and pharmaceuticals.

In summary, amidische terminology relates to the broad chemistry of amides, their structure, properties, and applications, with the English equivalents amide- or amidic-related usage.