Alþjóðarréttur

Alþjóðarréttur, often translated as public international law, refers to the body of rules, principles, and standards that govern the relations between sovereign states and other international actors. It is distinct from domestic law, which applies within a single country. The primary sources of alþjóðarréttur include international treaties, customary international law, and the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations. Decisions of international courts and tribunals, along with the writings of highly qualified publicists, can also serve as subsidiary means for determining rules of law.

The purpose of alþjóðarréttur is to promote peace, security, and cooperation among states. It addresses a wide range of issues, including the use of force, human rights, environmental protection, trade, and the law of the sea. Enforcement of alþjóðarréttur is complex, as there is no single global authority with the power to compel compliance. Instead, enforcement mechanisms rely on state consent, reciprocity, diplomatic pressure, sanctions, and the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals like the International Court of Justice. States are generally bound by the rules of alþjóðarréttur they have consented to through treaties or by virtue of customary practice.