Alligator

Alligator refers to two living species of large crocodilians in the family Alligatoridae: the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). They have broad, U-shaped snouts, armored bodies with bony scutes, and generally dark coloration. American alligators can reach up to about 4 meters in length, while Chinese alligators are smaller, typically under 2 meters.

Distribution and habitat: The American species lives in freshwater wetlands, rivers, swamps, and marshes across the southeastern United States. The Chinese species is found in the Yangtze River basin in eastern China, where it favors slow-moving water, marshes, and lakes.

Behavior and diet: Alligators are ambush predators that feed on fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and small mammals. They are carnivorous and opportunistic, with young individuals eating insects and crustaceans. They regulate body temperature by basking in the sun or moving between sun and shade, and are often most active at dawn and dusk. They can stay submerged for extended periods while waiting for prey.

Reproduction: Breeding occurs in spring. Males emit loud calls to attract females. Females construct vegetation-nest mounds and lay clutches of about 20–50 eggs. Incubation lasts roughly 60–70 days, with nest temperature influencing the sex ratio. The female guards the nest and assists hatchlings to water.

Conservation: The American alligator recovered from near-extinction in the 20th century and is now listed as Least Concern in many areas, protected by law. The Chinese alligator remains critically endangered due to habitat loss and pollution, with conservation actions including habitat protection, captive breeding, and reintroduction programs.