Allakirjutamine

Allakirjutamine is the act of affixing a signature to a document to indicate agreement, authorization, or acknowledgment. In Estonian practice the term covers both traditional handwritten signatures on paper and electronic signatures attached to digital documents. The method chosen depends on the document type, the required level of assurance, and applicable law.

Handwritten signatures are the most common form for contracts, forms, notices, and official correspondence. Their validity rests on the signer's identity and intention to be bound, and in some cases may involve witnesses, notaries, or other formalities.

Electronic signatures range from simple electronic marks to advanced signatures that use digital certificates. In Estonia and the European Union, electronic signatures that meet certain standards provide a high level of authenticity and integrity; ID-based methods such as digital ID cards or mobile IDs are widely used. In general, electronic signatures carry the same legal effect as handwritten ones when they satisfy the requirements for identity verification and document integrity.

For both forms, a document is typically considered legally binding after all required parties have signed, and the signature is dated. Modifications after signing may require re-signing or amendments. In official procedures, many institutions require a signed document for validity, though some processes may accept electronic submissions with a valid electronic signature.

Common uses include signing contracts, consent forms, applications, and official submissions to authorities.