Alkoholist

Alkoholist is a term used in several languages to describe a person with problematic or excessive alcohol use. In contemporary clinical language the condition is usually called alcohol use disorder (AUD). The word alkoholist may appear in everyday speech or older literature and can carry stigma, so many sources prefer clinical terminology that does not label the person.

Alcohol use disorder covers a range from risky or hazardous drinking to severe dependence. It is characterized by a pattern of alcohol use that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. People may experience cravings, loss of control over intake, withdrawal symptoms when not drinking, tolerance, neglect of social or occupational responsibilities, and continued use despite health, safety, or relationship problems. The course can vary, with periods of relapse and remission.

Diagnosis relies on criteria from major classification systems such as DSM-5 or ICD-11. Clinicians use systematic assessments and screening tools like the AUDIT to identify AUD and gauge severity, which is categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria met within a 12-month period.

Treatment combines medical, psychological, and social approaches. This often includes support for withdrawal and detoxification when needed, evidence-based psychotherapies such as motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy, and, in some cases, pharmacotherapy with medications like naltrexone, acamprosate, or disulfiram. Integrated care may address co-occurring mental health conditions and social support networks, including mutual-help groups. Recovery is possible, though relapse risk varies and long-term management is commonly required. Public health efforts focus on prevention, early intervention, and accessible treatment to reduce harm associated with alcohol use.