Akromegaliaan

Akromegaliaan is a medical condition characterized by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in adults. This hormonal imbalance leads to a gradual enlargement of bones, particularly in the hands, feet, and face, as well as an increase in the size of internal organs. The onset of akromegaliaan typically occurs after the growth plates in bones have closed, distinguishing it from gigantism, which affects children before growth plate closure.

The primary cause of akromegaliaan is usually a benign tumor on the pituitary gland, known as a pituitary adenoma. Less commonly, the condition can be caused by tumors elsewhere in the body that produce growth hormone-releasing hormone. Symptoms of akromegaliaan develop slowly and can be subtle, often leading to a delayed diagnosis. These may include deepening of the voice, headaches, vision problems, joint pain, and changes in skin texture. Over time, untreated akromegaliaan can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease, diabetes, carpal tunnel syndrome, and sleep apnea.

Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, as well as imaging techniques like MRI to locate any pituitary tumors. Treatment aims to reduce growth hormone levels and manage any associated complications. This can involve surgery to remove the pituitary adenoma, radiation therapy, or medication to block growth hormone production or its effects. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and preventing long-term health problems associated with akromegaliaan.