Aivokalvontulehdusta

Aivokalvontulehdusta, known in English as meningitis, is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by a variety of factors, most commonly by infections. Bacterial meningitis is a particularly serious form and can rapidly progress to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Viral meningitis is more common and generally less severe, often resolving on its own. Fungal meningitis is less frequent and typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms of meningitis can vary depending on the cause and the age of the affected individual. However, common signs include a sudden onset of fever, severe headache, and a stiff neck. Other possible symptoms include confusion, sensitivity to light, nausea, vomiting, and a rash. In infants, symptoms may be more subtle and include irritability, poor feeding, and a bulging fontanelle (soft spot on the head).

Diagnosis of meningitis typically involves a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, to collect cerebrospinal fluid for laboratory analysis. Blood tests may also be performed. Treatment for meningitis is dependent on the underlying cause. Bacterial meningitis requires immediate administration of antibiotics, often intravenously. Viral meningitis is usually managed with supportive care, such as rest, fluids, and pain relievers. Fungal meningitis is treated with antifungal medications. Prevention strategies for certain types of meningitis include vaccination.