Aitas

Aitas is a term used to refer to the Ayta or Aeta indigenous peoples of the Philippines, though spelling and usage vary among sources. The Ayta are among the earliest inhabitants of Luzon, with groups living in mountainous and forested areas across central and northern parts of the island.

Geographically, Ayta communities are found in regions such as Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Tarlac, and portions of Quezon and Aurora. Today they live in a mix of rural settlements and protected areas, often near lowland communities with which they interact economically and culturally.

Historically, many Ayta people practiced hunter-gatherer livelihoods and shifting cultivation, relying on forest resources for food, medicine, and materials. Traditional crafts include beadwork, basketry, and woven mats. Spiritual life commonly features healing and guidance by community leaders such as shamans or medicine people, who play a central role in ceremonies and communal decision-making.

Language and education vary among Ayta groups. They speak languages in the Austronesian family, and many are multilingual, using regional Filipino languages such as Tagalog, Kapampangan, or Ilocano for wider communication.

Contemporary issues include advocacy for Indigenous Peoples’ rights, land and ancestral domain claims, and protection from displacement due to mining, development, and tourism. Government recognition under the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act and support from non-governmental organizations aim to promote education, health services, and the preservation of cultural heritage while addressing social and economic needs.

See also: Indigenous peoples of the Philippines.