Agrochemie

Agrochemie, or agrochemistry, is the branch of chemistry concerned with the development, production, and use of chemical products that improve agricultural productivity. It encompasses pesticides such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and nematicides; fertilizers and soil amendments; plant growth regulators; and adjuvants used to enhance application performance. The field covers formulation, application methods, safety, environmental impact, and regulatory compliance.

Historically, the mid-20th century saw rapid expansion of synthetic pesticides and nitrogen-based fertilisers, contributing to increased crop yields but also raising concerns about health, biodiversity, and pollution. Modern agrochemistry aims to balance productivity with sustainability, through risk assessment, residue control, and adherence to regulations.

Key categories include pesticides that reduce pest pressure; fertilisers that supply nutrients; plant growth regulators that modulate development; and soil amendments that improve structure and fertility. Regulation generally requires product registration, labeling, and monitoring of residues. Agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the European Food Safety Authority evaluate hazards and establish usage limits, while international bodies promote harmonisation.

Current trends include biopesticides, precision agriculture and data analytics to apply chemicals only where needed, and green chemistry to design safer formulations, along with innovations in delivery systems and microencapsulation. The agrochemical sector remains essential for food security in many regions, though it faces ongoing pressure to reduce environmental footprints and promote sustainable farming practices, integrated pest management, and alternatives where feasible.