Agarwal

Agarwal, also spelled Agrawal, is a surname and a historic mercantile community in the Indian subcontinent. Traditionally part of the Vaishya (merchant) varna, Agarwals have been associated with commerce, banking, and trade across generations. The community is dispersed across India and in the diaspora, and includes subgroups of Hindus and Jains who share common surnames and lineage customs.

Origin and etymology: The name is linked to Agroha, a historic town in present-day Haryana, and to the legendary king Agrasen (Agrasena), who is revered in many Agarwal traditions as a founder of merchant guilds and cooperative codes. The term Agrawal/Agarwal reflects these regional and legendary associations, with variations in spelling arising from regional linguistic practices.

Social and religious composition: While most Agarwals identify as Hindu, a substantial Jain subcommunity is also prominent within the broader group. The community typically adheres to a gotra-based system and exogamous clan customs. Community organizations and councils exist to coordinate education, philanthropy, and cultural events; business networks and family-based networks have long influenced social and economic life.

Occupation and economy: Historically engaged in trade, moneylending, and agriculture, Agarwals diversified during modern India into manufacturing, finance, real estate, and professional services. The community has contributed to regional economies, and many Agarwal families maintain family-led enterprises and partnerships.

Geographic distribution: Major populations reside in northern and western states, including Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. There are sizable communities in other Indian states and in the Indian diaspora—especially in East Africa, Fiji, Mauritius, the Caribbean, the United States, and the United Kingdom.