Adulto

Adulto is a term used in several Romance languages, notably Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, to denote an individual who has reached full physical, legal, or social maturity. In these languages, adulto functions as a masculine noun or adjective, with feminine and plural forms differing by language (for example, adulta in some forms). The word derives from Latin adultus, meaning grown or matured.

In biology, adulto refers to the final life stage of an organism after development from juvenile forms, typically when sexual maturity and reproductive capability are attained. The specific criteria for adulthood in non-human species vary widely among taxa and are determined by biology rather than social conventions.

Legal and social concepts of adulthood vary by jurisdiction. The age of majority is the threshold at which a person gains legal capacity to make binding decisions, enter contracts, vote, and assume other adult rights and responsibilities. Ages commonly range from 18 to 21 depending on the country, with exceptions for certain rights such as drinking, driving, or military service. Cultural and legal definitions of adulthood can also be influenced by religion, tradition, and public policy.

Adulthood is a central topic in psychology and sociology, focusing on identity formation, independence, career development, family roles, and long-term planning. Some theories describe emerging adulthood as a transitional period in the late teens through the twenties, during which individuals explore roles and responsibilities before entering full-fledged adult life.