Adhezjach

Adhezjach is the Polish term that corresponds to adhesions in English. In medical Polish, adhezje denotes adhesions, and adhezjach is the locative plural form. In general, adhesions are abnormal fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, causing them to stick together.

Most adhesions develop in the peritoneal cavity after abdominal or pelvic injury, infection, or surgery, but they can involve any serosal surface. The underlying mechanism begins with peritoneal injury and inflammation, leading to fibrin deposition. If fibrinolysis is insufficient, fibroblasts lay down collagen, resulting in mature scar tissue that creates bands between adjacent structures.

Clinically, many adhesions are asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they may include chronic abdominal or pelvic pain, dyspareunia, infertility, or acute bowel obstruction due to restricted movement or kinking of the intestines. Diagnosis is often challenging and may rely on imaging studies such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; laparoscopy remains a definitive method in certain cases.

Prevention focuses on minimizing peritoneal injury during procedures, gentle tissue handling, reducing desiccation, and using barrier methods after surgery. Treatment for symptomatic adhesions ranges from conservative management (analgesia, observation, and management of obstruction) to adhesiolysis, a surgical procedure to separate the bands. However, surgical removal carries a risk of recurrence, and non-surgical approaches are preferred when feasible.