Adenomen

Adenomen is the Dutch term for adenoma, a benign neoplasm arising from glandular epithelium or other gland-forming tissue. Adenomas are usually well defined and slow-growing, consisting of proliferating glandular cells that form a discrete mass. They are typically noninvasive but may cause local effects depending on location.

Adenomas arise through clonal proliferation of glandular cells and may be nonfunctional or hormonally active when located in endocrine organs. They can occur in many tissues, with some forms carrying a risk of progression to malignancy, particularly certain colorectal polyps.

Common sites include the colon, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, liver, and skin. Colonic adenomas (polyps) are especially important because certain lesions can evolve into colorectal cancer if left untreated. Adenomas in endocrine organs may cause hormonal imbalance or mass effects.

Clinical presentation varies by site. Many adenomas are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. Colonic adenomas may cause occult bleeding or changes in bowel habit; pituitary adenomas may present with headaches, visual changes, or endocrine symptoms; thyroid and adrenal adenomas may present as neck or abdominal masses or hormonal disturbances.

Diagnosis is site specific and relies on imaging, endoscopy, biopsy, and histopathology. Colonoscopic removal with histological confirmation is standard for colonic adenomas; MRI or CT is used for pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal lesions; ultrasound-guided biopsy may be used for other sites.

Management aims to remove or monitor lesions based on size, histology, and risk of progression. Complete excision often cures the lesion; surveillance is common to detect recurrence. The prognosis for benign adenomas is generally favorable after appropriate treatment, though some forms require ongoing follow-up.