Actophilornis

Actophilornis is a genus of birds in the family Jacanidae, commonly known as the African jacanas. There are two recognized species within this genus: Actophilornis africanus (African jacana) and Actophilornis albinucha (North African jacana). These birds are found in various wetland habitats across sub-Saharan Africa.

African jacanas are characterized by their striking appearance, featuring iridescent plumage, long, splayed toes, and often a prominent frontal shield. Their exceptionally long toes allow them to walk on the surface of aquatic vegetation, such as lily pads, without sinking. This adaptation is crucial for foraging on insects, mollusks, and other small invertebrates found on these floating plants.

A notable aspect of Actophilornis behavior is their unique breeding system. They are polyandrous, meaning a single female will mate with multiple males, who then undertake the primary responsibility of incubating the eggs and raising the young. Females often defend a territory encompassing several males. The eggs are typically laid in a nest constructed on floating vegetation.

Actophilornis africanus is more widespread than Actophilornis albinucha. While both species share similar ecological niches and behaviors, subtle differences in plumage and distribution distinguish them. Conservation concerns exist for some populations due to habitat degradation and loss of wetlands.