Achslast

Achslast, in automotive and railway engineering, refers to the load carried by a single axle of a vehicle or rolling stock. It is typically expressed in metric tonnes or kilonewtons and depends on how weight is distributed across the vehicle’s axles. The per-axle load, together with axle spacing and the vehicle’s center of gravity, influences overall performance, including handling, braking, tire wear, and suspension requirements.

In road transport, axle load limits are regulated by national and international rules. Each axle has a maximum permissible load, and the total weight of the vehicle must comply with combined limits. Correct load distribution between front and rear axles affects steering stability and braking efficiency. Loads are measured statically with scales or dynamically with weigh-in-motion systems to ensure compliance.

In rail and tram operations, Achslast denotes the load that each axle imposes on the track. This parameter is critical for track design, bridge capacity, and permitted service speeds. Different rail infrastructure classes specify maximum axle loads to protect track integrity and safety.

Design and safety considerations center on ensuring axle loads stay within prescribed limits throughout typical and extreme conditions, including dynamic effects during acceleration, braking, and cornering. Vehicle and component sizing—tire ratings, suspension, and structural elements—are aligned with these limits to maintain performance and longevity.

Regulatory and practical implications encompass enforcement, such as roadside weighing for trucks and periodic inspections of rail vehicles. Exceeding axle limits can trigger fines, route restrictions, or detours. Understanding Achslast is essential for fleet planning, infrastructure maintenance, and safety compliance.