Acúfeno

Acúfeno, also known as tinnitus, is the perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus. It is commonly described as a ringing, buzzing, hissing, clicking, or roaring sound. This auditory sensation can be intermittent or constant, and its loudness can vary. Acúfeno is not a disease itself but rather a symptom of an underlying condition.

The causes of acúfeno are diverse. They can include exposure to loud noises, which can damage the delicate hair cells in the inner ear responsible for hearing. Age-related hearing loss, known as presbycusis, is another common cause. Certain medications, particularly ototoxic drugs, can also induce or worsen acúfeno. Other contributing factors may include earwax blockage, ear infections, Meniere's disease, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, head or neck injuries, and circulatory problems. Psychological factors like stress and anxiety can also exacerbate the perception of acúfeno.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, a physical examination, and hearing tests. Depending on the suspected cause, further investigations like imaging scans may be recommended. Treatment for acúfeno focuses on addressing the underlying cause when possible. For example, removing earwax or changing medication may resolve the symptom. When a specific cause cannot be identified or treated, management strategies aim to help individuals cope with the sound. These may include sound therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), hearing aids if hearing loss is present, and lifestyle adjustments to reduce stress. While a complete cure is not always achievable, many people learn to manage their acúfeno effectively.