Abriss

Abriss is the German term for the demolition or tearing down of a building or other structure. In English usage, the term is often translated as demolition, and it can denote either complete demolition or partial removal, such as selective or façade retention.

The typical process starts with planning and permits. A survey may identify hazardous materials, such as asbestos, which must be safely removed before any demolition work begins. Utilities are disconnected, and a safety plan is established. Demolition methods include mechanical demolition, where machines such as excavators break down the structure, and controlled blasting in some cases. Selective or deconstruction approaches aim to preserve usable components and materials for reuse or recycling.

Environmental and safety considerations are central to modern Abriss practice. Measures include dust suppression, noise control, and the recycling of concrete, metal, brick, and timber. Waste management plans aim to reduce landfill, and workers follow standards for personal protective equipment and site safety.

Legal and heritage aspects vary by country and region. Permits, shell removal, and compliance with fire, aviation, and environmental regulations apply. In many places, buildings protected as monuments or listed structures require special permissions, and demolition may be prohibited or restricted to preserve cultural heritage.

Reasons for demolition range from urban redevelopment and structural instability to contamination or obsolescence. Although demolition carries costs, it enables new construction and urban renewal, often balancing preservation with new development.