Abramis

Abramis is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, order Cypriniformes. The genus contains several species, the best known being Abramis brama, commonly called the common bream. Abramis is native to Europe and parts of western and central Asia, with some species introduced in other regions.

Members of Abramis typically have a deep, laterally compressed body with a silvery to olive-green coloration on the back and lighter sides. They possess a relatively small mouth located on the underside of the head and lack large canine teeth. The dorsal fin is long and the tail is forked. Abramis species are primarily bottom-feeders, using pharyngeal teeth to grind food. Their diet is varied, including small invertebrates, zooplankton, detritus, and aquatic plants, with feeding patterns influenced by life stage and season.

Habitat preferences include slow-moving rivers, lakes, ponds, and backwaters with aquatic vegetation or submerged structures. They tolerate a range of water conditions and often favor neutral to slightly alkaline waters. Abramis species frequently form schools and are commonly targeted by anglers, especially during spring and autumn migrations.

Reproduction typically occurs in spring to early summer in shallow, vegetated zones. Eggs are adhesive and attach to vegetation or substrates. The fry initially feed on zooplankton and microscopic invertebrates before transitioning to an omnivorous diet as they grow.

Taxonomically, the genus comprises multiple species, with the exact number and classification varying among authorities. Abramis brama stands as the most prominent and widely studied species, both ecologically and in fisheries. Some populations face pressures from habitat degradation, pollution, and overfishing, but Abramis remains an important component of freshwater ecosystems and sport and commercial fisheries in Europe.