AVMsAVFs

AVMsAVFs is a term that refers to arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). These are abnormal connections between arteries and veins, bypassing the normal capillary network. In an AVM, there is a tangled mass of blood vessels where arteries directly connect to veins. In an AVF, there is a direct connection between a single artery and a single vein. These conditions can occur in various parts of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, lungs, and limbs.

The cause of AVMsAVFs is often congenital, meaning they are present at birth, although they can also develop later in life due to trauma or certain medical procedures. The abnormal flow of blood can lead to a variety of symptoms depending on the location and size of the malformation. These symptoms can include pain, swelling, bleeding, neurological deficits, or heart failure.

Diagnosis of AVMsAVFs typically involves imaging techniques such as angiography, CT scans, or MRI. Treatment options vary widely and depend on the specific characteristics of the malformation. They may include endovascular embolization, where the abnormal vessels are blocked, surgical resection, or radiation therapy. In some cases, especially if asymptomatic and small, observation may be a suitable approach. The prognosis for individuals with AVMsAVFs depends on factors such as location, size, and the presence of complications.