6Hydroxydopamine

6-hydroxydopamine, often abbreviated as 6-OHDA, is a neurotoxin that selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons. It is a chemical compound that resembles dopamine, the neurotransmitter. Due to this structural similarity, 6-OHDA is actively taken up by dopamine transporters on dopaminergic neurons. Once inside these neurons, it undergoes oxidation, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species. These reactive oxygen species then cause oxidative stress, damaging cellular components and ultimately leading to the death of the neuron.

Researchers commonly use 6-OHDA in animal models, particularly rodents, to induce lesions in specific brain pathways that utilize dopamine. This experimental manipulation is a valuable tool for studying the role of dopamine in various neurological processes, including motor control, reward pathways, and learning. By selectively eliminating dopaminergic neurons, scientists can observe the resulting behavioral and physiological changes to understand the function of these neurons in health and disease. This model is frequently employed in research related to Parkinson's disease, as Parkinson's is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Studying the effects of 6-OHDA helps researchers explore potential therapeutic strategies and understand the underlying mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders.