4DDruck

4DDruck is a term that can refer to several concepts within the realm of additive manufacturing, often encompassing advanced printing techniques. It is not a universally standardized term but is frequently used to describe printing processes that go beyond the three spatial dimensions (x, y, z) to incorporate additional functional or temporal aspects.

One common interpretation of 4DDruck is printing with "smart" materials that can change shape or properties over time in response to external stimuli like heat, light, or moisture. This allows for the creation of objects that can self-assemble, adapt, or perform specific functions after the printing process is complete. For instance, a printed structure might be designed to unfurl or change its rigidity when exposed to a certain temperature.

Another interpretation relates to the printing of multi-material objects with complex internal structures or functionalities that are not easily achieved with standard 3D printing. This could involve printing with a combination of materials that have distinct properties, such as conductive and insulating materials printed in close proximity to create integrated electronic components. The "fourth dimension" in this context refers to the complexity and integrated functionality achieved in the printed object.

While the precise definition can vary, 4DDruck generally signifies a move towards more sophisticated and functional additive manufacturing, pushing the boundaries of what can be created with 3D printing technology. Research and development in this area aim to unlock new applications in fields like medicine, robotics, and advanced materials science.