22caliber

22caliber refers to firearms and ammunition designed around a bore diameter of approximately .22 inches (5.6 mm). The designation covers a family of rimfire cartridges, including .22 Short, .22 Long, .22 Long Rifle (LR), and .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (WMR). Of these, the .22 LR is by far the most common, produced in countless loadings from light target rounds to high-velocity hunting loads.

Design and characteristics: Rimfire priming and small bullets result in low recoil and quiet operation compared with centerfire calibers. Typical .22 LR bullets weigh 36–40 grains and velocities range widely, producing muzzle energies roughly 100–160 ft-lbf depending on load and barrel length. Ammunition is inexpensive and widely available, which makes .22 calibers popular for training, plinking, and small-game hunting. Limitations include limited effective range and stopping power, and occasional reliability issues in inexpensive firearms or with dirty chambers.

Uses: The caliber is widely used for target shooting, practice, pest control, and small-game hunting. It is common in rifles and pistols designed for this purpose and is favored by beginners for its low recoil and manageable recoil impulse.

History and status: The term derives from the bore diameter; the .22 family has been in production since the 19th century. The .22 LR became the standard rimfire cartridge and remains the dominant choice for many sports. The .22 WMR, introduced mid-20th century by Winchester, offers higher velocity for longer-range shooting.

Safety and regulation: Laws governing .22 caliber firearms vary by jurisdiction. Standard safety practices include eye and hearing protection, proper storage, and range safety rules. Because of their small size and power, responsible handling and compliance with local hunting and firearm regulations are essential.