1Ac

1AC stands for First Affirmative Constructive, the affirmative team’s opening substantive speech in many policy debate formats. The 1AC presents the case in favor of adopting the resolution’s plan and establishes why change from the status quo is warranted. It typically defines key terms, outlines the plan text (what the government would implement), identifies the agent or sponsor, and sets the timeline and scope of implementation.

Core elements often included are a harms or needs assessment of the status quo, an explanation of the plan and why it solves the identified problems, and the anticipated advantages or impacts. The 1AC may present link arguments showing how the plan leads to outcomes, as well as solvency arguments with warrants and evidence. Evidence cards or references are commonly cited to support claims about harms, solvency, and impacts. Some 1ACs also articulate criteria for evaluating the round and anticipate potential counterarguments or alternative approaches.

Role and structure within the debate round are typical: the 1AC is delivered by the affirmative team and is followed by the first negative constructive (1NC) in many formats, with cross-examination and subsequent speeches shaping the ongoing debate. The quality of a 1AC depends on the clarity of the plan, the relevance and strength of the evidence, and the persuasiveness of the solvency and impact arguments, all presented in accordance with the conventions of the competition.